The working principle of OLED display is based on organic light-emitting diode (OLED) technology, which is different from traditional LCD display in that it does not require a backlight. OLED displays use a very thin organic material coating and a glass substrate (or flexible organic substrate).
These organic materials emit light when an electric current passes through them. OLED display screens can be made lighter and thinner, provide larger viewing angles, and can significantly save power consumption.
The light-emitting mechanism and process of OLED displays involve the injection of electrons and holes from the cathode and anode poles respectively. The injected electrons and holes are transported within the organic layer and recombine in the light-emitting layer, thereby exciting the molecules in the light-emitting layer to generate singlet excitons. Single-state exciton radiation attenuates and emits light, which is the basic principle of OLED technology.
Each pixel of the OLED display can be understood as an independently controlled lamp bead. Therefore, it is not necessary to light up the entire backlight layer when display is required like the LCD screen. Instead, only the pixels that need to be displayed need to be turned on. This characteristic gives OLED displays significant advantages in contrast, viewing angle, response speed, and flexible display.